Orthodontics
Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that deals with the research and treatment of malocclusions (improper bites) or dentofacial defects. These result in tooth distortions (tooth crowding) or uneven jaw settings (anteroposterior discrepancies). Orthodontics can either have a purely aesthetic or cosmetic necessity, though more often it is for functional purposes such as for better bite (occlusion).
Anteroposterior Discrepancies
This means the disproportionate arrangement between the teeth of the upper and lower jaw in the anteroposterior direction that require careful realignment.
Crowding Of Teeth
This is the lack of normal space between teeth and requires removing some teeth to properly reset the irregularity.
Types
There are two broad categories of orthodontics:
- Orthodontics for dental displacement onl
- Dentofacial orthopedics that check and change facial growth
The Procedures
The fixed multibracket therapy deals with dental displacement and is a process where wires are inserted into dental braces made of stainless steel or a more esthetic ceramic material. Apart from the braces, other detachable devices such as plates, headgear, expansion appliances etc. can be used to reshape and realign teeth. This therapy gets its name from the use of a fixed multibracket method to line up the teeth and enhance the occlusion.
The realignment of the teeth in conformity with surrounding structures such as tissues can be achieved either with or without movement of the underlying bones. In children the realignment is generally achieved by growth modification, though in adults it may require orthognathic surgery.
Post Treatment Care
After undergoing therapy one generally requires to wear retainers, initially all the time for around a year and then occasionally, such as during sleep etc. for as long as it is advised. These retainers aim to keep the new alignment of the teeth while the surrounding structures grow back to fix them permanently. Many other orthopedic appliances, such as headgears, J-hooks facemasks etc. are also often recommended for growth modification.
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